ABSTRACT

Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070

Dramas and Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Making Descriptive Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Low-Tech Prototypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Evolutionary Prototyping and Cooperative

Prototyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077

This chapter surveys methods, techniques, and practices in Participatory Design (PD) that can lead to hybrid experiences-that is, practices that take place neither in the workers’ domain, nor in the software professionals’ domain, but in an “in-between” region that shares attributes of both the workers’ space and the software professionals’ space. Recent work in cultural theory claims that this “in-between” region, or “third space,” is a fertile environment in which participants can combine diverse knowledges with new insights and plans for action, to inform the needs of their organizations, institutions, products, and services. Important attributes of third space experiences include challenging assumptions, learning reciprocally, and creating new ideas, which emerge through negotiation and cocreation of identities, working languages, understandings, and relationships, and polyvocal (many-voiced) discussions across and through differences. The chapter focuses on participatory practices that share these attributes, including (a) site-selection of PD work; (b) workshops; (c) story collecting and story telling through text, photography, and drama; (d) games for analysis and design; and (e) the cocreation of descriptive and functional prototypes.