ABSTRACT
Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070
Dramas and Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Making Descriptive Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Low-Tech Prototypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Evolutionary Prototyping and Cooperative
Prototyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Third space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Claimed benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
This chapter surveys methods, techniques, and practices in Participatory Design (PD) that can lead to hybrid experiences-that is, practices that take place neither in the workers’ domain, nor in the software professionals’ domain, but in an “in-between” region that shares attributes of both the workers’ space and the software professionals’ space. Recent work in cultural theory claims that this “in-between” region, or “third space,” is a fertile environment in which participants can combine diverse knowledges with new insights and plans for action, to inform the needs of their organizations, institutions, products, and services. Important attributes of third space experiences include challenging assumptions, learning reciprocally, and creating new ideas, which emerge through negotiation and cocreation of identities, working languages, understandings, and relationships, and polyvocal (many-voiced) discussions across and through differences. The chapter focuses on participatory practices that share these attributes, including (a) site-selection of PD work; (b) workshops; (c) story collecting and story telling through text, photography, and drama; (d) games for analysis and design; and (e) the cocreation of descriptive and functional prototypes.