ABSTRACT
Since ancient times, various writing instruments have been used to communicate the written word. Today quill and nib pens have given way to other classes of writing instruments, namely, the ballpoint, porous-tip, roller ball, and gel pens (Figure 13.1). A number of special types of pens, including those used for drawing, lettering, and artwork, are also currently marketed. Each class has its own identifying characteristics potentially distinguishing it from the others (Figure 13.2). The use of a particular pen or ink class often has importance in the investigation of a disputed document, particularly when there are issues of backdating, insertions, or other alterations.
