ABSTRACT
On numerous occasions documents are altered during their preparation or after their completion with full knowledge of all parties concerned and without an attempt on the part of anyone to perpetrate fraud. However, there are other instances — more numerous than generally believed — in which an addition or other alteration is made with intent to cheat some party in an otherwise fair and legitimate transaction. When such an act has been committed, or is suspected, a document examiner may be consulted. Since these calls for assistance are not infrequent, effective techniques have been devised through extensive research and experimentation not only to disclose evidence of the alterations or additions, but also to demonstrate what has been changed and what the original contents were.
