ABSTRACT

If it weren’t for the 250 species of turtles living today … these animals encased in mobile homes could easily be viewed as bizarre evolutionary experiments that were ordained to failure.

Richard Ellis (2003)

1.1 The Nature of the Turtle Shell ................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Introduction to the Turtle Shell ....................................................................................1 1.1.2 Anatomy of the Turtle Shell .........................................................................................2

1.2 The Formation of the Carapacial Bones: Heterotopy and Paracrine Factors .........................2 1.2.1 The Dermal Bones of the Carapace .............................................................................2 1.2.2 Formation of the Carapace ..........................................................................................4