ABSTRACT
Introduction and History ................................................................................................................609 Phylogenetic Relationships and Physiology ................................................................................... 611
Bordetella pertussis ............................................................................................................ 612 Background .............................................................................................................. 612 Disease and Epidemiology ....................................................................................... 612 Treatment ................................................................................................................. 612 Vaccination .............................................................................................................. 613 Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis .......................................................................... 613 Epidemiology ........................................................................................................... 615 Pathogenesis and Virulence ..................................................................................... 616
Bordetella parapertussis .................................................................................................... 618 Bordetella bronchiseptica .................................................................................................. 618 Bordetella avium ................................................................................................................. 618
Other Bordetellae ........................................................................................................................... 619 References ...................................................................................................................................... 619
The genus Bordetella currently consists of nine members. This includes the more notable and familiar mammalian pathogens Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussishu, which cause whooping cough in humans; B. parapertussisov, which causes a respiratory disease in sheep; and B. bronchiseptica, which causes respiratory diseases in numerous mammals.1-7 Genetic data suggest that these four are related enough to actually be subspecies of a single ancestor of B. bronchiseptica and are now referred to as the B. bronchiseptica cluster2, 3, 8-10 The members of the cluster are all Gramnegative aerobic coccobacilli.
