ABSTRACT
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 767 Yeast Morphology .......................................................................................................................... 769 Cultural Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 783 Sexual Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 784
Teleomorphic Yeasts ........................................................................................................... 784 Ascomycetous Yeasts .......................................................................................................... 784 Basidiomycetous Yeasts ...................................................................................................... 784 Anamorphic Yeasts ............................................................................................................. 785
Physiological Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 785 Yeast Identication......................................................................................................................... 786 Yeast-Like Organisms .................................................................................................................... 791 Yeasts and Man .............................................................................................................................. 791 References ..................................................................................................................................... 791
The original treatise by Macmillan and Phaff1 has been modied signicantly but portions were retained in this chapter because some of the information is timeless and still quite relevant. This update takes into account new information appearing in taxonomic texts and other literature, including a plethora of taxonomic changes due to the discovery of new genera and species as well as reassignment of previously known species into newly described genera or into other already-existing genera. The data derived from molecular studies (e.g., DNA hybridization, ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, etc.) have contributed to a more elaborate understanding of phylogeny and the relationships between species and genera of yeasts. Mating studies conducted on numerous members of anamorphic genera have also resulted in the discovery of many more teleomorphic states.
