ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the procedure of estimating the bit error rate in Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) systems is further discussed. Probabilistic properties of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation encoders are determined using geometrical self-similarity of ADSL constellations with respect to the Hamming distance distribution. For large constellation sizes, probabilistic properties of odd-bit (nonsquare) constellation encoders can be described with the same equations that are used for even-bit (square) constellation encoders.
