ABSTRACT
Contents 14.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 14.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 14.3 Network Mobility: Why a New Architecture? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
14.3.1 Reduced Transmission Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 14.3.2 Reduced Handoff Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 14.3.3 Reduced Complexity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 14.3.4 Increased Manageability and Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 14.3.5 Economic Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
14.4 Network Mobility Characteristics and Design Requirements . . . . . 421 14.4.1 Set of Nodes Moving as a Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 14.4.2 Local Versus Visiting Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 14.4.3 Mobility Aware Versus Unaware Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 14.4.4 Nested Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 14.4.5 Multi-Homed Mobile Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 14.4.6 Different Sizes of Mobile Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 14.4.7 Disparate Handoff Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 14.4.8 Mobile Devices from Different
Administrative Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 14.5 Network Mobility in IPv4 and IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
14.5.1 IPv4 and Network Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 14.5.2 IPv6 and Network Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
14.5.2.1 NEMO Basic Support Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 14.5.2.2 Nested Mobility Management with
the NEMO Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
14.6 Network Mobility Open Research Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 14.6.1 Indirect Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 14.6.2 Mobile Router Handoff Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 14.6.3 Mobile Network Prefix Delegation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 14.6.4 Multi-Homing Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 14.6.5 Security and Reliability Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 14.6.6 AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting)
Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 14.7 Route Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 14.8 Seamless Handoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 14.9 Prefix Delegation Mechanisms for NEMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 14.10 Multi-Homing Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 14.11 Network Mobility Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
14.11.1 eMotion (Network in Motion) Child Project of OCEAN (On-board Communication, Entertainment And iNformation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
14.11.2 Ambient Networks Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 14.11.3 OverDRiVE (Over Dynamic Multi-Radio Networks
in Vehicular Environments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 14.11.4 Nautilus6 (WIDE Project) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 14.11.5 InternetCAR (Internet Connected Automobile
Researches) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 14.11.6 FleetNet: Internet on the Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
14.12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
14.1 Overview Providing seamless Internet connectivity to mobile hosts has been studied in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for some years now, and protocols such as Mobile IP and Mobile IPv6 have been developed. We are now witnessing the emergence of mobile networks, namely a set of hosts that move collectively as a unit, such as on ships, aircrafts, and trains. The protocols for mobility support therefore need to be extended from supporting an individual mobile device to supporting an entire mobile network. In this chapter the state-of-the-art in supporting the mobility of entire networks is examined. The problem is first motivated by considering typical network mobility scenarios and by identifying characteristics that require new solutions. The design requirements of the protocols that support network mobility are explored. Furthermore, current approaches for network mobility support and their strengths and weaknesses in addressing the design
requirements are presented. The chapter concludes by identifying some open research issues in the realization of mobile networks1.
