ABSTRACT
The automotive industry is facing tough international competition, government regulations, and rapid technological changes. Ever increasing government regulations require improved fuel economy and lower emissions from the automotive fuel and lubricant systems. Higher energyconserving engine oils and better fuel-efficient vehicles will become increasingly important in the face of both the saving of natural resources and the lowering of engine friction. Recently, industry research needs for reducing friction and wear in transportation are critical for saving fuel economy and extended vehicle reliability. There are many hundreds of tribological components, from bearings, pistons, transmissions, and clutches, to gears and drivetrain
components. The application of tribological principles is essential for the reliability of the motor vehicle, and the energy conservation of our environment. This chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of various lubrication aspects of a typical power train system including the engine, transmission, driveline, and other components, as well as the major issues and the current development status for automotive engine lubricants in North America. This chapter also describes the major functions of typical engines (gasoline and diesel), engine oil characteristics, and test methods. Included are descriptions of the tribological concerns associated with various engine components, service effects on engine oil, standard automotive tests for
engine oil and the types of service they represent, and an overview of the current issues and future trends that need to be addressed.
