ABSTRACT

Acknowledgments .............................................................................................296 References .........................................................................................................296

The chemical process industries face continually increasing expectations from society and regulators to reduce releases to the environment. Until recently, endof-pipe treatment methods have provided sufficient control to maintain regulatory limits. As environmental concerns tighten, waste treatment alone is insufficient to ensure low impact to air, water, and land. Good housekeeping and elimination of fugitive emissions have demonstrated impressive environmental impact reduction;