ABSTRACT
Cyanide occurs in many different forms in water and soil systems. The specific form of cyanide determines the environmental fate and transport of cyanide, as well as its toxicity. Understanding the specific form(s) of cyanide present in a particular water, soil, or sediment is critical for assessment of how to manage or treat the cyanide present. This cannot be overemphasized! While “cyanide” is often discussed as a single entity in the popular press and even in professional publications, this is a misleading portrayal. The various forms of cyanide are quite different in their reactivity and their toxicity. Proper professional evaluation, assessment, and design activities pertaining to cyanide contamination management requires knowledge about and careful consideration of cyanide speciation.
