ABSTRACT
Toxicity-extrapolation models either estimate the toxicity of a chemical to one species on the basis of its toxicity to other, typically taxonomically related species, or estimate one endpoint from other test endpoints. Extrapolation models are generally nonmechanistic approaches that use empirical data to attempt to obtain a precise result for the specific question of interest. Various extrapolation models representing either species-sensitivity distributions or interspecies/interendpoint extrapolation methods are reviewed below.
