ABSTRACT

The term “manufacturing” originates from the Latin word manufactus, which means “made by hand.” Manufacturing has seen several advances during the last three centuries: mechanization, automation, and, most recently, computerization. Processes that used to be predominantly done by hand and hand tools have evolved into sophisticated processes making use of cutting-edge technology and machinery. Quality has improved steadily, with today’s specifications even those for simple toys, exceeding those achievable just a few years ago. Mass production, a concept developed by Henry Ford, has advanced so much that it is now a complex, highly agile, and highly automated manufacturing enterprise.