ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on both statistical and molecular biological methods applicable to the detection and analysis of gene-environment interactions. It highlights theories, techniques, and experimental strategies relevant to studies of individual differences in behavior, including natural behavioral variants and genetic mutants. G×E interaction asserts that the response of an organism to an environmental treatment depends on its genotype, and the manifestation of genetic differences between individuals depends on the environment. When a specific, major gene effect on human development is established, evidence for G×E interaction may be obtained. Some of the more elegant experimental designs in behavioral and neural genetics cannot be evaluated with the usual ANOVA. A microarray contains DNA sequences from both known and unknown genes. For gene-brain-behavior relationships, however, ongoing feedback from the interaction of the organism with the environment often affects how the brain develops and functions.
