ABSTRACT
I. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................214 A. Mineral Chemistry ....................................................................................................215
II. General Functions .................................................................................................................215 A. Water Homeostasis....................................................................................................215 B. Acid-Base Homeostasis............................................................................................216 C. Nutrient Digestion, Absorption, and Transport ........................................................216 D. Signal Transduction...................................................................................................217 E. Mineral-Enzyme Relationships ................................................................................217
III. Chlorine.................................................................................................................................217 A. Metabolism................................................................................................................217 B. Function.....................................................................................................................217 C. Requirements.............................................................................................................218 D. Deficiency..................................................................................................................218 E. Toxicity......................................................................................................................218 F. Sources ......................................................................................................................218 G. Assay .........................................................................................................................219
IV. Magnesium............................................................................................................................219 A. Metabolism................................................................................................................219 B. Functions ...................................................................................................................219 C. Requirement ..............................................................................................................220 D. Deficiency..................................................................................................................220 E. Toxicity......................................................................................................................220 F. Sources ......................................................................................................................220 G. Assay .........................................................................................................................220
V. Potassium ..............................................................................................................................220 A. Metabolism................................................................................................................221 B. Function.....................................................................................................................221 C. Requirements.............................................................................................................221 D. Deficiency..................................................................................................................221 E. Toxicity......................................................................................................................221 F. Sources ......................................................................................................................221 G. Assay .........................................................................................................................222
VI. Sodium ..................................................................................................................................222 A. Metabolism................................................................................................................222 B. Function.....................................................................................................................222 C. Requirements.............................................................................................................223 D. Deficiency..................................................................................................................223 E. Toxicity......................................................................................................................223 F. Sources ......................................................................................................................224 G. Assay .........................................................................................................................224
VII. Sulfur .....................................................................................................................................224 A. Metabolism................................................................................................................224 B. Function.....................................................................................................................224 C. Requirement ..............................................................................................................225 D. Deficiency..................................................................................................................225 E. Toxicity......................................................................................................................225 F. Sources ......................................................................................................................225 G. Assay .........................................................................................................................225
References ......................................................................................................................................225
Table 11.1 illustrates the typical elemental composition of the adult mammalian body. The macrominerals, which are generally defined as those inorganic elements required in the diet of the pig in quantities greater than 100 mg/kg, follow the more abundant elements oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. This chapter deals with four of the six main macrominerals, the exceptions being calcium and phosphorus, which are addressed in a separate chapter.
