Techniques of Diagnosis of Fish and Shellfi sh Virus and Viral Diseases

Contents 32.1 Introduction: e Need for Diagnosis .......................................................................... 604 32.2 Diagnosis: Its De nition .............................................................................................. 604 32.3 Validation of Diagnostic Tests ...................................................................................... 605 32.4 Factors A ecting the Accuracy of Diagnosis: Sample Processing .................................. 606 32.5 Methods of Diagnosis for Aquatic Animal Diseases ..................................................... 608 32.6 Clinical, Histological, and Microscopical Techniques .................................................. 609

32.6.1 Gross Signs ...................................................................................................... 609 32.6.2 Histopathology ................................................................................................ 609 32.6.3 Immunohistochemistry ................................................................................... 609 32.6.4 Electron Microscopy ........................................................................................613