ABSTRACT
Metamaterials form the critical elements that govern the electromagnetic (EM) response for the entire superstructure, which may consist of a substrate, space-filling dielectric, or other supporting materials. This chapter reviews metamaterial-based structures that yield an electronic or optically controllable response. It examines the potential for metamaterials fabricated on semiconductors to switch/modulate EM radiation via optical doping of the semiconducting substrate. The chapter aims to evaluate the potential to exhibit frequency tunability by constructing hybrid metamaterials that consist of metallic and semiconducting parts. It discusses a metamaterial-based Schottky diode switch/modulator that enables all electronic voltage control of the metamaterials response. The chapter demonstrates that the advanced metamaterial designs to operate within the microwave and terahertz frequency regimes. It also discusses the future of hybrid metamaterials, and presents possible extensions of these principles to other frequency bands and several designs that may be useful for potential applications.
