WiMAX Architecture, Protocols, Security, and Privacy ........................................ AND LAWRENCEWONGWAI CHOONG

The first WiMAX standard provided stationary or nomadic wireless broadband access and was dubbed as “Fixed WiMAX” standard and was approved in June 2004. It is based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard (which revises and replaces IEEE 802.16a and 802.16REVd versions). This technology provides a wireless alternative to the cable modem, digital subscriber lines of any type (xDSL), transmit/exchange (Tx/Ex) circuits, and optical carrier level (OC-x) circuits.