ABSTRACT
Determining information and technology needs is challenging in complex environments such as healthcare. Information solutions can be adopted on an enterprise or system-
CONTENTS 7.1 Introduction 93 7.2 Hospital Pharmacy Information Systems 94 7.3 Outpatient Pharmacy Information Systems 96 7.4 Pharmacy Automation 100
7.4.1 Inpatient Pharmacy Automation 100 7.4.1.1 Automated Dispensing Cabinets 100 7.4.1.2 Smart Pumps 101 7.4.1.3 Robots 102
7.4.2 Outpatient Pharmacy Automation 103 7.4.2.1 Automated Drug-Dispensing Machines 103 7.4.2.2 Automated Kiosks 103
7.5 Summary 104 References 105
wide basis, or stand-alone solutions may be introduced separately and interfaced together. Stand-alone systems run independently to support a specic function and can continue to function when other systems experience downtime; however, they must interface with other systems to communicate information properly. Integrated systems do not require separate interfaces to communicate information to other areas, but may cease to function when the system experiences downtime. Integrated systems may be less customizable or oer fewer specialized features than stand-alone systems.1
