ABSTRACT
Leadership: Basic Considerations ...................................................................... 58 Eliciting Willing Acceptance of Infl uence ................................................... 58 Personal and Inherent Qualities ................................................................... 59 Action and Behavior ....................................................................................... 60 Implications ...................................................................................................... 60
Concepts of Biobehavioral Resilience ............................................................... 61 Facing Reality with Determination .............................................................. 62 Imposing Meaning on Hardship ................................................................... 63 Willingness to Improvise ............................................................................... 63 Leadership as a “Resilience Reserve” ............................................................ 64
Resilience and Models of Stress ......................................................................... 65 Four Processes Stress Model .......................................................................... 66 Demand-Control-Support Stress Model .................................................... 67 Resilience: Trait versus State .......................................................................... 69
Stressors in Military Environments .................................................................. 70 Stressors in Routine, Nondeployed Environments ..................................... 70 Stressors in Deployed Environments ........................................................... 72
Leadership, Resilience, and Adverse Environments ........................................74 Resilience Creation .......................................................................................... 75
Specifi c Issues ....................................................................................................... 76 Leadership Style, Social Support, and Mental Health................................ 76 Resilience, Leadership, and Training ........................................................... 78 Support for Soldiers ........................................................................................ 80
Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................. 80 Normal Leadership Eff ects ..............................................................................81
