Introduction Previous chapters illustrated the foundations of systems architecture and systems engineering, key tools and enablers, and the general approaches encompassing the current paradigm. Though they represent a body of accepted practices, none of these approaches are flawless, nor do they provide a “silver bullet” solution. It is vital to the field of system design to recognize the limitations, shortfalls, and opportunities for improvement in the way systems are developed. This chapter presents a selection of advanced design methods that enhance the process of systems design across its multiple steps. The first two, Interactive Reconfigurable Matrix of Alternatives and Genetic Algorithm Concept Space Exploration, address the initial design phase by enhancing concept space definition, concept generation and selection, and supporting the analysis and trade-offs that take place in the early definition of system taxonomy. Use of Sensitivity Profiling is presented next as a method implemented primarily during preliminary design to capture and visualize requirement-attribute sensitivities and leverage trade-off analyses at any level of system decomposition.