ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 18.2 Why Integrate RFIDs and WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 18.3 Requirements for Integrating RFID Networks and WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 18.4 Possible Architectures of Integrated RFIDs and WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
18.4.1 Integrated RFID Tags with Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 18.4.1.1 Integrated Sensor-Tags with Limited Communicating
Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 18.4.1.2 Integrated Sensor-Tags with Extended Communicating
Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 18.4.2 Integrating RFID Readers with Wireless Sensor Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 18.4.3 Mix Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
18.5 Integration Scenarios for RFIDs and WSNs in Various Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 18.5.1 Healthcare Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 18.5.2 Integrated RFID and WSNs in Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 18.5.3 Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
18.6 Conclusions and Open Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent two key technologies for ubiquitous computing that have attracted considerable attention in recent years because their use revolutionizes diverse application areas. However, these two technologies have separate research and development areas.
