ABSTRACT

Modification of polymers by adding inorganic fillers as a second phase has become ubiquitous in polymeric systems. It is a common practice to improve polymer materials’ properties such as stiffness, toughness, heat distortion temperature, and mold shrinkage to satisfy applications. The addition of filler materials is also an effective way to develop novel polymer materials with notable properties to meet new industry requirements and to replace some of the existing materials with property limitations. Polymer composites containing inorganic additives including CaCO3, clay, alumina trihydrate, carbon or glass fibers, and carbon blacks, have been manufactured for a wide

CONTENTS

4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 79 4.2 Nanostructured Graphite ........................................................................... 82

4.2.1 Graphite Intercalation Compounds .............................................. 82 4.2.2 Exfoliation of Graphite ....................................................................83 4.2.3 Graphene ...........................................................................................86