Studying Criminality and Criminal Offenders in the Early Twentieth-Century Philippines

Garland [2002:7] proposed that understanding the institutional, political, and cultural contexts of the development of criminology is important in understanding its central features and its conceptual and historical boundaries. It is thus important to ask whether scienti c inquiries on crime and criminality in the early twentieth century in the Philippines parallel or echo those in the West. In the rst place, who studied crime and criminal o enders in the Philippines, and what were their ndings? is chapter tackles these questions, mindful of the dynamics of racial, political, and intellectual relations and arrangements within a colonial setting and the rami cations of criminological thinking that were imported from European and American schools of thought.