ABSTRACT
Wei R. Chen Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Engineering and Physics, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK Xiaosong Li Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Mark F. Naylor Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine at Tulsa, Tulsa, OK Hong Liu Center for Bioengineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
Robert E. Nordquist Wound Healing of Oklahoma, Inc., 14 NE 48th Street, Oklahoma City, OK
28.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 28.2 Thermal Effects on Biological Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 28.3 Selective Photothermal Interaction in Cancer Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 28.4 Selective Photothermal Therapy Using Nanotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 28.5 Photothermal Immunotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 28.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
Photothermal interactions have a direct impact on biological tissues. Due to the high sensitivity of tumor tissue to temperature increase, photothermal therapy has attracted increased attention from researchers and clinicians. Thermal therapy started with whole-body hyperthermia. Recently, the thermal therapy has employed modern devices and methodologies, such as lasers, radio frequency radiation, and ultrasound. Selective phototherapy has been used for cancer treatment using endogenous and exogenous agents to enhance the energy absorption on target tissue to induce desired photophysical reactions. To achieve long-term effects, immunotherapy has been used in combination with phototherapies, particularly with photothermal therapy to induce tumor-specific immune responses.
