ABSTRACT
Organized crime by criminal entrepreneurs is not a new phenomenon. Felsen and Kalaitzidis (2005) describe historical cases, such as piracy, slavery, and opium smuggling. The most famous and far-reaching pirates in medieval Europe were the Vikings-warriors and looters from Scandinavia. They raided the coasts, rivers, and inland cities of all Western Europe as far as Seville in Spain. While being admired as entrepreneurial heroes at home, they were the most feared enemy abroad.
