ABSTRACT
Conceptual modeling is often understood as an effort that happens before systems are built or software code is written and conceptual models are no longer needed once the implementation has been accomplished. Conceptual models are primarily described as mental models that are used in an early stage in the abstraction or as a simplification process in the modeling phase. This early stage of abstraction makes conceptual models difficult to verbalize
CONTENTS
14.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 355 14.2 Interoperability and Interoperation Challenges of Model-Based
Complex Systems ..................................................................................... 358 14.2.1 Interoperability and Composability........................................ 358 14.2.2 Relevant Models Regarding Conceptual Modeling
for Compositions ........................................................................360 14.2.2.1 The Semiotic Triangle ...............................................360 14.2.2.2 Machine-Based Understanding .............................. 361 14.2.2.3 Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model ....... 362
14.3 Engineering Methods ..............................................................................364 14.3.1 Data Engineering and Model-Based Data Engineering .......364
