ABSTRACT
Introduction The diesel engine has been the engine of choice for heavy-duty applications in agriculture, construction, industrial, and on-highway transport for >50 yr. Its early popularity could be attributed to its ability to use the portion of the petroleum crude oil that had previously been considered a waste product from the refining of gasoline. Later, the diesel’s durability, high torque capacity, and fuel efficiency ensured its role in the most demanding applications. Although diesels have not been widely used in passenger cars in the United States (<1%), they have achieved widespread acceptance in Europe with >33% of the total market (1).
