ABSTRACT
Case 4: When the soil is submerged If the soil is submerged, the density of the submerged soil Ph' is equal to the density of the
saturated soil reduced by the density of water, that is
(3.19)
Relative Density The looseness or denseness of sandy soils can be expressed numerically by relative density Dr' defined by the equation
Dr =__e_m_ax_-_e-x 100 e
in which e max = void ratio of sand in its loosest state having a dry density of Pdm e min = void ratio in its densest state having a dry density of PdM e = void ratio under in-situ condition having a dry density of Pd
From Eq. (3.18), a general equation for e may be written as
(3.20)
(3.21)
Now substituting the corresponding dry densities for emax' emin and e in Eq. (3.20) and simplifying, we have
The loosest state for a granular material can usually be created by allowing the dry material to fall into a container from a funnel held in such a way that the free fall is about one centimeter. The densest state can be established by a combination of static pressure and vibration of soil packed in a container.
