ABSTRACT
For the plane backfill surface, the point of application of Pa is at a height of H/3 from the base of the wall.
Example 11.13 For a retaining wall system, the following data were available: (i) Height of wall = 7 m, (ii) Properties of backfill: Yd = 16 kN/m3, l/J = 35°, (iii) angle of wall friction, 8 = 20°, (iv) back of wall is inclined at 20° to the vertical (positive batter), and (v) backfill surface is sloping at 1 : 10.
