ABSTRACT
Broms' provided solutions for both short and long piles installed in cohesive and cohesionless soils respectively. He considered piles fixed or free to rotate at the head. Lateral deflections. at working loads have been calculated using the concept of subgrade reaction. It is assumed that the deflection increases linearly with the applied loads when the loads applied are less than one-half to one-third of the ultimate lateral resistance of the pile.
