verification appears to have

bolts, the baseplate in in compression. They used a model based on the yield-line patterns in [1] were not yet in evidence, nor was there consideration of the axial loads increased the stiffness for small deformations, as also might prediction, that this was relative to experimentally observed stiffness properties of connections in steel frames are of importance deflection prediction, and for stability calculations [4, 5]. is therefore surprising that for connections, for