ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Agriculture has been plagued by pests since the dawn of time. Pesticides control pests-insects, fungi, and weeds-until the pests begin to resist the pesticides. As resistance develops, more pesticide is needed to control the pest until that particular pesticide fails. Integrated pest management (IPM) was designed to prevent insects from developing resistance to insecticides, and resistance management remains a cornerstone of many IPM programs today. A critical component of IPM is the monitoring of increases in a pest's tolerance to a particular pesticide. Such monitoring, however, is rarely conducted in a proactive manner.
