ABSTRACT
Introduction Climate means "average weather" and its long-term variability over a particular period of a month, season, year or several months. Over the past few years, climate change and its effects on environmental variables has emerged as one of the most important issues facing the international community. The simple reason is that all countries share a common planet and lack a viable alternative living space, should we destroy the atmosphere of this planet. Trends in climate these days, of the world in general and southern Africa in particular, point to an extreme type of variation that appears to be unidirectional. Southern Africa is highly vulnerable to various manifestations of climate change.
