ABSTRACT
Finafloxacin (Xtoro—topical otic formulation) is a fluoroquinolone being developed for systemic use by MerLion Pharmaceuticals in Germany and Singapore and for the topical otic formulation by Alcon, a Division of Novartis. Its chemical formula is 7-[(4aS)-3,4,4a, 5,7,7a-hexahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]oxazin-6-yl]-8-cyano-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Figure 109.1) (Lemaire et al., 2011), and it has a molecular weight of 398 daltons. It is distinctive for the presence of an 8-cyano substitutent, and it contains a 1-cyclopropyl, which is also present in ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin, and a 7-bicyclo substituent related to that of moxifloxacin, with an additional oxygen in the second ring. It is also distinctive from most other fluoroquinolones in exhibiting greater activity at acid pH than at neutral pH. Finafloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, targets the bacterial type II topoisomerases DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV. Structure of finafloxacin. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315152110/08d8042d-9481-4a8d-8c27-9bd589f6de6b/content/fig109_1.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
