ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the experimental and human clinical toxicology of central nervous system with particular reference to their potential for application as chemical warfare weapons and use by terrorists. The most commonly available cyanides are hydrogen cyanide, a highly volatile liquid, and sodium, potassium, and calcium cyanides, which are solids. Some physicochemical properties are compared with those of the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts. As cyanides (CN) inhibit many enzyme systems, and since other biochemical and physiological functions may be adversely affected by CNs, the overall mechanism and presentation of CN intoxication may be complex. In general medical practice, acute CN intoxication is a rare, potentially fatal, but treatable condition. Confirmation of suspected acute CN poisoning should include the following investigations: ECG, plasma lactate, serum electrolytes, blood glucose, arterial ketone body ratio, pulse oximetry, arterial blood gas analysis, chest radiography, and blood CN analysis.
