ABSTRACT
Screening smokes have a major military use in concealment operations by the generation of a fog-like atmosphere composed of light-scattering particles that prevent or markedly limit the visibility of, and actions of, troops or vehicle movements where occult operational characteristics are of tactical importance. In many military situations, the user will be protected by appropriate clothing and respirators donned before the generation of the smoke. Screening smokes have a wide spectrum of applications in military and civilian situations. Smoke and obscurants are terms that naturally go together, but smoke is actually a subset of obscurants. The multiple uses of screening smokes indicate that depending on the application, various and differing individuals may be exposed to screening smokes. The most frequently employed general monitors for toxicity include signs, body weights, food and water consumption, peripheral blood hematology, urinalysis, necropsy for gross pathology, organ weights, and processing organs and tissues for histology.
