ABSTRACT
The structure and function of urogenital organs change with age as a result of hormonal, non-hormonal and iatrogenic factors. Psychological, social, cultural and adaptability factors modify expressions of urogenital function that are accepted as part of normal ageing. Urogenital function is very sensitive to these external factors. The effect of ageing on body organs is mostly through atrophy and loss of elasticity. Lower urinary tract function declines with advancing age in a gradual, progressive and linear manner. Although structural changes in men and women in the lower urinary tract may follow different courses, the clinical effect in both sexes is lower urinary tract symptoms. This chapter outlines the changes in the urogenital system and their impact on aspects of urinary, sexual and fertility function. The female genitourinary tract is primarily dependent on circulating oestrogens: the changes in genital tissues associated with ageing reflect the progressive decline in gonadal-endocrine stimulation.
