ABSTRACT
When academician P.A. Rehbinder had formulated for the first time in 1956 the tasks of a new science named physico-chemical mechanics, he simultaneously laid down the ground of the modern knowledge of thermodynamically stable lyophilic colloidal systems and processes of spontaneous dispergation through detachment of colloidal particles from the solid matter surface under the effect of thermal fluctuations. For binary systems or systems containing more than two phases, including dispergation of one condensed phase within other one, two different cases should be distinguished: when the surfactants are present in a system and when they are absent. Condition of the said process of dispergation from a thermodynamic point of view is undoubtedly the presence of a negative minimum of the relevant thermodynamic potential within the range of colloidal sizes, and most of the publications on this matter were devoted to analysis of conditions providing the origin of such a minimum.
