ABSTRACT
The interactions between the particles contained in a nanofluid, or between these particles and an interface, control the operation of many industrially important processes and also determine the properties of the final products. In most aqueous-based nanofluid systems, there are three types of interactions that are usually operative: electrostatic or double-layer forces, London—van der Waals or dispersion forces, and steric interactions. The size of nanofluid particles can be determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. In order to calculate the electrostatic properties of proteins via a charge regulation model, it is necessary to know the effective spherical radius in solution and the number of amino acids that give rise to the surface charge. Initially, the calculation for a simple protein are discussed. The molecular mass has been determined by a variety of different methods and has been found to range from 66,000 Da to above 70,000 Da.
