ABSTRACT
The normal genomic code of human females consists of 23 matched pairs of chromosomes. The genomic code of human males consists of 22 matched pairs of autosomal chromosomes and an unmatched pair of sex chromosomes. The copy number of normal DNA is therefore 2 for the autosomal chromosomes. The end of the chromosome, or telomere, corresponding to the short chromosomal arm is called the p telomere. The chromosomal end corresponding to its long arm is called the q telomere. Human cells can be classified into body and germ cells. The life cycle of most somatic cells includes a growth phase followed by cell division through mitosis. In order to proceed to a subsequent stage of the cell cycle, all cells must satisfy a regulation procedure that ensures that the cells develop normally, that DNA is correctly copied during cell division, and that cell defects, if any, are repaired.
