ABSTRACT
Typically, a DSN often comprises hundreds to thousands of such nodes linked locally by a lowbandwidth wireless communication, controlled and managed by one or few powerful control nodes (often called base stations or sinks). Usually, nodes are deployed densely in a designated area by a single authority such as the government or military unit and then, automatically form a network. Their deployments can be in a random fashion (e.g., scattered from an airplane) or planted manually (e.g., fire alarm sensor in a building) without any infrastructure support. Once deployed, nodes are virtually static over most of the network lifetime. A base station or sink may be a static or mobile node functioning as a gateway to other networks or data centers via high-bandwidth communication links (either leased lines or broadband wireless links). DSNs have created new paradigms for wideranging applications in both military and civilian operations such as battlefield surveillance, enemy tracking, military facility monitoring, agriculture and environmental monitoring, civil engineering, medical care, smart spaces, and scientific explorations.
