ABSTRACT
Alongside with the acoustic emission this suggests a kind of granular temperature Tg, i.e. chaotic kinetic energy. The Tg in a skeleton is certainly different from the one of a granular gas, σ-measurements in ring shear tests suggest that Tg is deformationcontrolled and rate-independent (Howell et al. 1999). Vibro-hypoplastic relations with such a Tg have been proposed (Gudehus 2005) and are briefly outlined in Sec. 2.
