ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake caused damage to the foundations of the bridges on the Hanshin Expressway Route 5, which connects seven reclaimed islands in Osaka Bay. Soil liquefaction and the lateral spreading it induced occurred widely in reclaimed lands during the earthquake. In-ground horizontal displacements from the surface to a depth of −51.5 m detailing both effects of soil liquefaction and the lateral spreading were successfully observed by inclinometers which had been installed prior to the earthquake. The damage investigation on the pile cracks was carried out on 119 pile foundations of Route 5 in total by using a bore-hole camera and nondestructive integrity sonic tests. The damage to the pile foundation of a bridge on Route 5 caused by the 1995 earthquake is also presented in detail. The pier of the bridge moved approximately one meter laterally toward the river; the quay wall moved approximately three meters laterally in the same direction and subsided by more than one meter.
