ABSTRACT
Database management systems (DBMS) have been an integral part of information technology (IT) and the systems development life cycle since the 1960s. The database, especially the relational database, has received everincreasing visibility during the past decade due to the mass availability of very cost-effective PC-based DBMSs. As a result, the relational database has become ingrained as the natural metaphor for an information repository with most organizations that utilize IT.
