ABSTRACT
Methods for automatic tuning of PID controllers have been one of the results of the active research on adaptive control. PID controllers are defined in Section 9.5. A result of this development is that the design of PID controllers is going through a very interesting phase. Practically, all PID controllers that are designed now have at least some features for automatic tuning. Automatic tuning has also made it possible to generate automatically gain schedules. Many controllers also have adaptation of feedback and feedforward gains. Overviews of the development are given in [1,2].
