Deformation measurements at the 1200m deep Kristineberg mine using total station, laser scanning and 3D imaging

Three types of measurement methods were used, geodetic measurements using a Leica TCRA 1203 total station, 3D imaging using an off-shelf camera and the software ShapeMetriX3D developed by 3G Software & Measurement and a phase-based laser scanning system, Leica HDS4500. Special markers were developed. In addition, convergence measurements were conducted to have an overall indication of the deformation of the room expected to be up to 300 mm.