ABSTRACT
Steel piles have been used widely for piled foundations in onshore and offshore projects. To establish and refine design methods, many research studies, including field tests, small model tests (including centrifuge modeling), and numerical analysis, have been carried out. Consequently, the mechanisms by which piled foundations mobilize bearing capacity are reasonably well understood, and reliable (although empirical) design guidelines have become well-established, especially for tubular pipe piles (Randolph 2003; Schneider et al. 2008).
