ABSTRACT
The method for sand presented here is the one used in API (1993), which is based on the formulation proposed by Murchison & O’Neill (1984).
The p-y relationship for sand is typically approximated by
p A p k X A p
⋅
⎡ ⎣⎢
⎤ ⎦⎥
tanh (1)
The value k represents the initial modulus of subgrade reaction and X is the distance to soil surface. pu is the ultimate soil resistance and is found using plasticity theory. A is an empirical constant which is used to fit the test results with theory. For static loading A = ( )XD− ≥ 0 9. . For cyclic loading A = 0.9.
