ABSTRACT
Energy based on electricity generated from renewable sources such as sun and wind offers enormous potential for meeting future energy demands. However, the use of electricity generated from these intermittent, renewable sources requires efˆcient electrical energy storage (EES). Efˆcient and durable electrical energy storage is one of the major limiting factors for widespread adoption of renewable energy. This is true from the level of the national and regional electricity grids down to the level of the home and automobile. Thus, for large-scale solar-or wind-based electrical generation to be practical, the development of new EES systems is critical for meeting continuous energy demands and effectively leveling the cyclic nature of these energy sources.
